Order Description
This is a respond to post activity. The post that need to be respond is below at the end.

when you respond please be
1-be collegial and professional in all your responses
2-consider how accurate the other student’s discussion of the ‘Garbage Can’ approach to public policy is
3-consider the reliability of the sources cited within the post. Where you have questions about the reliability, consider providing an alternative source and citation.

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The policy cycle and the garbage can (GC) approach are two of the best known model in the public policy decision-making. The first model is basically a model that acknowledge the rationality in policy making, whereas the later approach, offers an alternative, and assume that public policy making as a process that is essentially irrational (but not entirely irrational), based on propriety and behavior of decision-making that has become a ritual. GC approach begin with the assumption that the other models retain the assumption of intentionality, understanding of the problem, and predictability of relations between the various actors who in fact did not exist (Althaus, et.al., 2013). In view of the March and Olsen (1976), decision-making is a process that is very ambiguous and non-predictable, and a small connection with efforts to achieve certain goals.

The name of garbage can as a metaphor is used deliberately to remove the sense of scientific and rational, that is attributed to the decision-making process using policy cycle approach. The idea is to bring the understanding that often the policy makers themselves do not know their purpose, as well as the causal relationship between problem and policy objectives at hand. The actors only define the objectives and choose the way immediately, within the development of the policy process, in which the results are very uncertain and unpredictable (March & Olsen, 1976).

Some case studies have proved the proposition that public decisions are often made in a very ad- hoc and random. Anderson (1983), for example, has argued that even decisions related to the crisis of the Cuban Missile, in which recognized as a most serious issue during the cold war, was made in the choices simplistic question with a yes/no answer in a variety of proposals that emerged during the discussion of policy making related to the crisis.

prefer the garbage can approach, as it more suitable, again in my context coming from developing country. In developing country, we may be using the policy cycle approach only for normative purpose but not substantially. In my country, Datta, et. al., (2011) conclude that the policy making in Indonesia is more fit to the garbage can, with these three main outlooks: 1). Not based on evidence; 2). Disharmonize between one policy to another policy; 3). Supply driven, instead of demand driven, that policy is made based on the interest of the actors, not of what really needed. Garbage can approach can be seen as an implication of bad/weak governance, in which there is no strong democracy, participation, transparency, and accountability. Sometimes also because of lack of knowledge and technical capacity.